Philip Henry Gosse

Dates

April 6, 1810 - August 23, 1888

Alabama Connection

Selected Works

• Gosse, Philip Henry. The Canadian Naturalist: A Series of Conversations on the Natural History of Lower Canada.London: J. van Voorst, 1840. Rpt. Toronto: Coles Pub. Co., 1971. An online version of The Canadian Naturalist is available from Internet Archive's American Libraries.
• Gosse, Philip Henry. The Ocean.London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1845. Rpt. Philadelphia: Parry & McMillan, 1856. An online version of The Ocean is available from Making of America.
• Gosse, Philip Henry, and Richard Hill. The Birds of Jamaica.London: J. van Voorst, 1847. An online version of The Birds of Jamaica is available from Google Book Search.
• Gosse, Philip Henry, and Richard Hill. A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica.London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1851. An online version of A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica is available from Google Book Search.
• Gosse, Philip Henry. The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea.London: J. van Voorst, 1854. An online version of The Aquarium is available from Google Book Search.
• Gosse, Philip Henry. Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot.London: J. van Voorst, 1857. Rpt. Woodbridge, Conn.: Ox Bow Press, 1998. Rpt. London: Routledge, 2003. An online version of Omphalos is available from Google Book Search.
• Gosse, Philip Henry. Letters from Alabama (U. S.): Chiefly Relating to Natural History.London: Morgan and Chase, 1859. Rpt. Mountain Brook, Ala.: Overbrook Press, 1983. Rpt. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993. An online version of Letters from Alabama is available from Google Book Search.
• Gosse, Philip Henry. Evenings at the Microscope: Or, Researches Among the Minuter Organs and Forms of Animal Life.London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1859. Rpt. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1896. Rpt. New York: P. F. Collier, 1901. An online version of Evenings at the Microscope is available from Making of America.

Biographical Information

Philip Henry Gosse was born in Worcester, England, and grew up in the town of Poole. His father was a painter, and Gosse taught himself to draw by watching his father work. Gosse had little formal education but read widely, borrowing books from friends and neighbors. In 1827, he took a job as a clerk in Newfoundland, Canada. Gosse studied the natural history of Newfoundland and joined the local book and debating societies. He also converted to Methodism there and preached locally on occasion. In 1835, he and a couple of friends bought a farm in Lower Canada. Gosse worked on the farm, taught school in the winter months, and continued his studies of natural history. He wasn’t suited to farming, however, and sold out in 1838. Gosse left Canada and traveled to Alabama, where he was engaged to teach school in Pleasant Hill. He enjoyed his studies of the natural history there, but he was bothered by the heat and humidity, and slavery disturbed him spiritually. Gosse left Alabama after eight months and returned to England where he settled in London. There, Gosse taught school and wrote and published articles in scientific journals. He also began writing natural history books. The Canadian Naturalist, a compilation of his observations in Newfoundland and Lower Canada, was published in 1840. Gosse continued his religious journey in London as well, converting from Methodism to a stricter sect, the Plymouth Brethren.

In 1844, Gosse sailed to Jamaica where he spent eighteen months studying the local natural history. On his return to London, Gosse used his notes and illustrations in two books on Jamaican natural history. His books began to bring in enough income that he could focus on his writing and his scientific studies. In 1852, Gosse and his family moved to the Devon coast for the sake of his health. He expanded his work to include marine natural history and began teaching field classes in the subject. His book, The Aquarium, popularized these installations for both private homes and institutions such as zoos and museums. In 1855, Gosse’s Letters from Alabama was published in serial form in The Home Friend magazine. (It was published in book form in 1859.) Gosse’s strong religious beliefs prompted him to attempt to reconcile the Biblical creation story with the fossil record which was being discovered at the time. Omphalos, published in 1857, asserted that God had created the fossils along with the rest of the world and had embedded them in the earth’s crust as a puzzle for scientists. The book sold poorly and was widely criticized. Despite the damage to his scientific reputation, Gosse continued publishing and teaching. His last books appeared in 1865, but he continued to publish articles in scientific journals. He also wrote and published religious materials. In late 1887, Gosse developed bronchitis, and he died the following August.

Interests and Themes

Philip Henry Gosse wrote books on the natural world, many illustrated with his own paintings and drawings. Letters from Alabama describes the local plants and animals and discusses Alabama frontier society and culture.

For More Information

Please check your local library for these materials. If items are not available locally, your librarian can help you borrow them through the InterLibrary Loan program. Your librarian can also help you find other information about this author.

There may be more information available through the databases in the Alabama Virtual Library. If you are an Alabama citizen, AVL can be used at your public library or school library media center. You can also get a username and password from your librarian to use AVL at home.

Reference Articles

• Jackson, Harvey H., III. "Philip Henry Gosse: An Englishman in the Black Belt" Alabama Heritage 28 (1993):37-45.

Reference Book Prefaces

• Jackson, Harvey H., III. Introduction. Letters from Alabama, (U.S.): Chiefly Relating to Natural History. By Philip Henry Gosse. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993. [7-24].

Reference Web Sites

• Mullen, Gary R. "Philip Henry Gosse". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. 2008. Alabama Humanities Foundation and Auburn University. http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1659
• Wertheimer, Douglas. "Gosse, Philip Henry". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. 2000. University of Toronto, Université Laval, and Library and Archives Canada. http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=39672

Location of Papers

• British Library
• Cambridge University
• Leeds University

Photo from The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1890.

Last updated on Dec 18, 2007.